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Cake day: June 18th, 2023

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  • As an earthling, you have evolved over the course of billions of years to deal with sunlight at a distance of one astronomical unit. That’s the distance of the earth’s orbit. That’s probably the most comfortable distance.

    The Apollo moon missions used a so-called “barbecue” mode that rotated the capsules at three revolutions per hour. They did this during the 3-4 day coast phases to and from the moon. As far as I know this was able to mostly hold the interior temperatures in the “survivable” range.







  • As best as I can understand, some anonymous person in the early modern period, 1600s-1700s made up this idea that the ancient Romans did this funny salute. It’s an urban myth. There’s no evidence that real ancient Romans ever used this practice.

    Anyhow, the idea floated around for a while; it shows up in paintings in the 1700s. It was picked up by several political movements in the early 20th century, including Bellamy in the United States, and Mussolini, who was a big Romaboo. The Nazis did get the idea from their Italian allies.


  • The German Nazis took the idea from their allies, the Italian fascists.

    The United States was doing a similar thing with the Bellamy salute from the 1890s up until they weren’t buds with the Nazis any more.

    There is art work going back to the 1700s depicting ancient Romans using the salute. Meanwhile, the idea has staying power: I recall that this salute appears in the 2005 HBO series Rome.

    So it’s an urban legend among classicists that got picked up by several politicians in the early 20th century, and notably the Italian and German fascist movements.





  • McDonald’s is franchised to a whole bunch of individual owners in the United States. This is why you get such varying quality reports. Some franchisees are better at making the food tasty than others.

    For example with French fries: to get good fries you have to keep the fryers at the right temperature, change the oil pretty regularly, and get the right amount of salt on the fries right when they come out. A bad franchisee will skimp on the oil changes, not fix the fryer thermostat, and he won’t care what the 16 year old does with the salt

    One thing that McDonald’s is really good at with their franchise rules is food safety. It is quite rare for anyone to actually get food poisoning from McDonald’s. Probably rarer than many fine dining places where a lot more people touch your food, and they use a lot of manual cooking processes.